Author: Venkatesha Babu, Priyanka P. Narain
and C.R. Sukumar
Publication: The Wall Street Journal
Date: June 18, 2009
URL: http://www.livemint.com/2009/06/17234202/Populism-takes-pilgrimage-path.html?h=B
Watch Bangalore sound out about the Karnataka
government's 10 crore subsidy for travel to holy places
Bangalore/Mumbai/Hyderabad: Competitive populism
is entering the realm of religion, a trend that critics say is a potentially
dangerous political game being played with an eye on electoral gains.
State governments in a country that swears
by secularism are starting to offer subsidized pilgrimages to citizens, who
at election time in the past have been wooed by politicians with promises
ranging from offers of rice at Rs2 per kg to free colour television sets.
Religious bandwagon
Karnataka's Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) government
is the latest to join the religious bandwagon, proposing to subsidize the
travel and stay of pilgrims who visit the temples of Udupi, Dharmasthala and
Saudatti in the southern Indian state.
In neighbouring Andhra Pradesh, the Congress
party-led government is subsidizing the cost of travel for Christians visiting
Jerusalem, the holy land.
Karnataka minister for housing S.N. Krishnaiah
Setty, who also heads a department that oversees Hindu temples and endowments
under government control, said last week that the administration intends to
set apart Rs10 crore to subsidize pilgrimages for Hindus.
He didn't say how the money would be spent
or the beneficiaries identified. "Modalities are being worked out and
will be announced shortly," Setty said.
To be sure, the concept of subsidized pilgrimages
is not new. The Union government spent an estimated Rs700 crore last year
on the Haj subsidy for Muslims to perform the pilgrimage to Mecca.
The Centre also underwrites a part of the
cost of the annual pilgrimage to Kailash Mansarovar in Tibet that Hindus believe
is the abode of the Hindu god Shiva.
President Pratibha Patil, in her inaugural
speech to the new Parliament outlining the policies of the Congress party-led
coalition, said the government would strive to strengthen and "reform
the management of Haj operations".
At the heart of the debate is what it means
to be a secular state-should the government be involved in all religions equally
or in none at all in a country where Hindus comprise about 80% of the population,
Muslims around 13% and Christians 3%?
Rama Jois, former chief justice of the Karnataka
high court and author of a special report on government presence in temples
and temple trusts, says the idea of a secular government subsidizing religious
travel is a dangerous one.
"Ideally, the governments should not
be opening this door at all," Jois said. "Although it is not unconstitutional
for a secular state to subsidize religious travel for citizens, it must be
done equally for all. But then the question is about what is equal."
Dangerous game
"Let's be clear on one thing," Jois
added. "This, at the end of the day, is a game of votes. And a dangerous
one at that."
In Bangalore, a senior official of the department
that oversees Hindu temples and temple trusts said the proposed pilgrimage
subsidy shouldn't be given a communal colour.
"If the government provides subsidy for
Haj, why not for visits to temples? Also, the move is only to encourage heritage
and tourism to historical places and will stimulate the economies of those
places, too," said the official, who didn't want to be named because
he isn't authorized to speak with the media.
Setty, the minister who made the announcement,
had in the past obtained 200,000 litres of water from the Ganga river and
distributed it as holy water to temples across Karnataka on Shivratri, a festival
devoted to Shiva, which devout Hindus observe with day-long fasting and a
night-long vigil.
The minister also controversially issued a
circular directing all temples overseen by the state administration to offer
daily prayers in the name of chief minister B.S. Yeddyurappa. This order was
withdrawn after it came under severe criticism.
Andhra Pradesh has set apart Rs2 crore for
providing air travel subsidy to Christian pilgrims to Jerusalem. It spends
Rs6 crore a year towards administrative services of the state's Haj committee
and provides Muslim pilgrims with board, lodging and local transport before
they leave for Mecca.
"While the state does not support Muslim
pilgrims with any subsidy for their air travel, which is met by the Central
government, we are meeting up to 40% of the subsidy for air travel expenses
of Christian pilgrims to Jerusalem," said Lingaraj Panigrahi, Andhra
Pradesh principal secretary for minorities welfare.
Some 100 Christians have availed of the subsidy
since the launch of the scheme in October last year, he added.
Andhra Pradesh is contemplating a similar tour subsidy for Hindu pilgrims
to Kailash Mansarovar, he said.
The selection of Muslim pilgrims for Haj is
based on a lottery system while Christian pilgrims are being chosen on a first-come,
first-served basis in Andhra Pradesh.
The Union government subsidizes each pilgrim
to Kailash Mansarovar with concessions in travel and accommodation and costs.
The major part of the concessions for pilgrims comes from state governments,
including Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh.
Ethical issues
Rakesh Mehta, a Gujarati shopkeeper from Mumbai
who went to Kailash Mansarovar three years ago, sees no ethical issue about
the state funding such travel.
"This is, after all, one of the most
important pilgrimages in a Hindu's life," he said. "What is wrong
with helping poor Hindus reach Shiva's abode? Don't they send Muslim pilgrims
to Haj? Then why should Hindus not be helped too?"
Political analyst Sandeep Shastri says taxpayers
money could be put to better use.
"Instead of deploying tax revenues to
provide affordable healthcare, education and employment opportunities, political
parties are indulging in a game of competitive populism," Shastri said.
"This has to end."
- venkatesha.b@livemint.com
- Santosh K. Joy in New Delhi also contributed
to this story.