‘Armed forces are and should remain last resort, we have to keep talking’ (Interview with Admiral Sushil Kumar)

Author: Gaurav C. Sawant
Publication: The Indian Express
Date: January 6, 2002

Even if we go for war, it will be for peace, says Admiral Sushil Kumar, who retired last week as the Chief of Naval Staff (CNS). Even as tensions continue to simmer between India and Pakistan mount and forces swell at the borders, Admiral Kumar cautions that a ‘‘war is the final act only when all other options are exhausted’. Excerpts from the interview...

Q.: Do you foresee a war?
A.: If all other measures fail, only then will the government think of war. Presently, the government is exploring other measures like a diplomatic offensive, which I feel is the correct way to go. War is the final act only when all other options are exhausted. Presently, I agree we are going through a very torturous route but that is the path to take.

Q.: What is India’s threshold?
A.: THAT is for the government to decide. The armed forces do not decide the threshold level, we only follow orders. The government has shown tremendous restraint and the situation is very tense at the moment. Even if we do decide to go for war, the aim would be for peace.

Q.: Is retaliation against Pakistan the best way to deal with the situation?
A.: PUNISHMENT is not the aim. Our aim is to prevent Pakistan from abetting cross-border terrorism. To blindly retaliate and seek vengeance will not solve the problem. We have to go in for a calibrated response and progress diplomatically first. The armed forces are and should remain the last resort. We have to continue the dialogue.

Q.: Do you think Pakistan will resort to a nuclear strike?
A.: NUCLEAR wars are not meant to be fought, especially when both the nuclear powers are neighbours. The nukes are for negotiations, they are not weapons of war. Pakistan has a professional armed force and they realise that even in case they do resort to a strike there will be retaliation. It would be lunacy for them to start one. In a nuclear strike, there are no winners.

Q.: Is the navy capable of delivering nuclear cargo ?
A.: I AM not in a position to answer that question.

Q.: What is your assessment of the Pakistani armed forces and its navy?
A.: THEY are a professional armed force and are prepared but so are we. We have been prepared for any eventuality since Kargil. Pakistan has acquired French submarines but on the maritime front we will take control of the situation in a decisive manner. While their submarines might pose a challenge but our submarines, surface ships and air force are very strong and will dominate.

Q.: Will there be joint operations even in case of a limited conflict?
A.: THE way I see it, any operation undertaken will be a joint effort. Take the example of Operation Enduring Freedom. It is an extremely well-coordinated sea borne, air and ground attack. For any operation to be a success, the three services have to work in close coordination. We have been undertaking integrated operations and this has a force multiplying effect. Joint operations are like a football game where team work is more important for achieving the aim than just individual brilliance.

Q.: But the army feels the air force is unable to deliver. In fact after Kargil, the then Army chief General Ved Malik wrote that IAF bombs fell harmlessly on mountains or killed their own troops.
A.: IT is incorrect to criticise any force as there are bound to be such actions in the fog of war. Actually war is a very fluid situation and it is wrong to believe that the IAF erred tactically. These are certain risks that have to be taken and are a part of occupational hazards.

The US which has the most sophisticated equipment dropped bombs on Red Cross depots in Afghanistan apart from schools and hospitals. Even US troops were killed in friendly fire.

Q.: Will the US naval presence in the Arabian Sea pose a problem?
A.: THE US presence is certainly confusing the maritime picture. The presence of neutral combat force blurs the situation. It becomes difficult to distinguish between a friend, foe and a neutral combat force. In maritime warfare weaponry and sensors are both long range.The enemy is targeted beyond visual range (BVR) and engagement is often over the horizon. The presence of other maritime powers in the Arabian Sea is resulting in a very confused situation at sea.

Q.: Why has the integration process been delayed? We still do not have a Chief of Defence Staff (CDS)?
A.: THERE are no hitches. The process is on and the tri-services Andaman and Nicobar command is already in place. The headquarters has been set up and by late this year we should have a CDS. I have recommended to the government that the system to be a success needs a CDS in place. It does not matter whether he is from the army, navy or the air force. There should be a CDS by this year.
 


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