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1. 40,000,000 Red China, 1949-76 (outright killing, manmade famine, Gulag)
2. 10,000,000 Soviet Bloc: late Stalinism, 1950-53; post-Stalinism, to 1987 (mostly Gulag)
3. 4,000,000 Ethiopia, 1962-92: Communists, artificial hunger, genocides
4. 3,800,000 Zaire (Congo-Kinshasa): 1967-68; 1977-78; 1992-95; 1998-present
5. 2,800,000 Korean war, 1950-53
6. 1,900,000 Sudan, 1955-72; 1983-2006 (civil wars, genocides)
7. 1,870,000 Cambodia: Khmer Rouge 1975-79; civil war 1978-91
8. 1,800,000 Vietnam War, 1954-75
9. 1,800,000 Afghanistan: Soviet and internecine killings, Taliban 1980-2001
10. 1,250,000 West Pakistan massacres in East Pakistan (Bangladesh 1971)
11. 1,100,000 Nigeria, 1966-79 (Biafra); 1993-present
12. 1,100,000 Mozambique, 1964-70 (30,000) + after retreat of Portugal 1976-92
13. 1,000,000 Iran-Iraq-War, 1980-88
14. 900,000 Rwanda genocide, 1994
15. 875,000 Algeria: against France 1954-62 (675,000); between Islamists and the government 1991-2006 (200,000)
16. 850,000 Uganda, 1971-79; 1981-85; 1994-present
17. 650,000 Indonesia: Marxists 1965-66 (450,000); East Timor, Papua, Aceh etc, 1969-present (200,000)
18. 580,000 Angola: war against Portugal 1961-72 (80,000); after Portugal's retreat (1972-2002)
19. 500,000 Brazil against its Indians, up to 1999
20. 430,000 Vietnam, after the war ended in 1975 (own people; boat refugees)
21. 400,000 Indochina: against France, 1945-54
22. 400,000 Burundi, 1959-present (Tutsi/Hutu)
23. 400,000 Somalia, 1991-present
24. 400,000 North Korea up to 2006 (own people)
25. 300,000 Kurds in Iraq, Iran, Turkey, 1980s-1990s
26. 300,000 Iraq, 1970-2003 (Saddam against minorities)
27. 240,000 Columbia, 1946-58; 1964-present
28. 200,000 Yugoslavia, Tito regime, 1944-80
29. 200,000 Guatemala, 1960-96
30. 190,000 Laos, 1975-90
31. 175,000 Serbia against Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Kosovo, 1991-1999
32. 150,000 Romania, 1949-99 (own people)
33. 150,000 Liberia, 1989-97
34. 140,000 Russia against Chechnya, 1994-present
35. 150,000 Lebanon civil war, 1975-90
36. 140,000 Kuwait War, 1990-91
37. 130,000 Philippines: 1946-54 (10,000); 1972-present (120,000)
38. 130,000 Burma/Myanmar, 1948-present
39. 100,000 North Yemen, 1962-70
40. 100,000 Sierra Leone, 1991-present
41. 100,000 Albania, 1945-91 (own people)
42. 80,000 Iran, 1978-79 (revolution)
43. 75,000 Iraq, 2003-present (domestic)
44. 75,000 El Salvador, 1975-92
45. 70,000 Eritrea against Ethiopia, 1998-2000
46. 68,000 Sri Lanka, 1997-present
47. 60,000 Zimbabwe, 1966-79; 1980-present
48. 60,000 Nicaragua, 1972-91 (Marxists/natives etc,)
49. 51,000 Arab-Israeli conflict 1950-present
50. 50,000 North Vietnam, 1954-75 (own people)
51. 50,000 Tajikistan, 1992-96 (secularists against Islamists)
52. 50,000 Equatorial Guinea, 1969-79
53. 50,000 Peru, 1980-2000
54. 50,000 Guinea, 1958-84
55. 40,000 Chad, 1982-90
56. 30,000 Bulgaria, 1948-89 (own people)
57. 30,000 Rhodesia, 1972-79
58. 30,000 Argentina, 1976-83 (own people)
59. 27,000 Hungary, 1948-89 (own people)
60. 26,000 Kashmir independence, 1989-present
61. 25,000 Jordan government vs. Palestinians, 1970-71 (Black September)
62. 22,000 Poland, 1948-89 (own people)
63. 20,000 Syria, 1982 (against Islamists in Hama)
64. 20,000 Chinese-Vietnamese war, 1979
65. 19,000 Morocco: war against France, 1953-56 (3,000) and in Western Sahara, 1975-present (16,000)
66. 18,000 Congo Republic, 1997-99
67. 10,000 South Yemen, 1986 (civil war)
*All figures rounded. Sources: Brzezinski, Z., Out of Control: Global Turmoil on the Eve of the Twenty-first Century, 1993; Courtois, S., Le Livre Noir du Communism, 1997; Heinsohn, G., Lexikon der Völkermorde, 1999, 2nd ed.; Heinsohn, G., Söhne und Weltmacht, 2006, 8th ed.; Rummel. R., Death by Government, 1994; Small, M. and Singer, J.D., Resort to Arms: International and Civil Wars 1816-1980, 1982; White, M., "Death Tolls for the Major Wars and Atrocities of the Twentieth Century," 2003.